External Traumatic Injuries - Die Da Sun Shang
From
Contents |
Definition
External traumatic injuries are damages of the skin, muscles, sinews (tendons and ligaments), bones and internal organs by external factors and the consequence these damages bring to parts or the whole body.
Classifications
According to location of damages
- External damages: skin, muscle, sinew and bone
- Internal damages: Zang Fu and the functional disorders of Qi, Blood and Jingluo
According external forces and the course of injuries
- Acute damages: sudden external force
- Chronic damages: wear and tear
According to time lapsed
- New damages
- Old damages
According to the completeness of the skin at injured location
- Open damages
- Close damages
According to degree of damages
- Slight damages
- Severe damages
According to occupation
- Daily life
- Industrial
- Agricultural
- Transport
- Sport
According to properties of injuring factors
- Physical
- Chemical
- Biological
Causes
External
- Direct violent forces: location of damage in direct contact with violent forces
- Indirect violent forces: location of damage in a distance from contact points with violent forces
- Muscles’ violent contractions: quadriceps femoris (patella), triceps and biceps brachii (humerus)
- Repetitive forces: lumbar muscle strain, fatigue fracture of metatarsus
- Six Exogenous Evils and evil Toxin: Wind, Cold and Dampness invasion after injuries. Evil Toxin invasion after injuries.
Internal
- Age: femoral neck fracture, incomplete fracture, semi-dislocation of the radial head
- Constitution: habitual dislocation of the jaw, elbow and patella; hip fracture (femoral neck and intertrochanter fracture) and wrist fracture (Colles’ fracture) after falling over
- Anatomy: borders between compact bone and cancellous bone (distant end of the radius, 2-3 cm from the end- Colles’ fracture)
- Occupation: construction workers, porters, athletes, kung-fu practitioners, deck workers etc.
Pathological Mechanisms
Shang Qi (Qi Injuries)
- Qi Stagnation: local or general qi stagnation; pain is the major symptom; swelling is various and the pain is shifting within a wide area and there is no evident pressure pain point. Most common in chest and hypochondriac injuries.
- Qi Arrest: sudden severe injuries; transient loss of consciousness. Common in head injuries.
- Qi Deficiency: general or certain Zang Fu or tissue’s functional deficiency or decline; common in chronic injuries, recovery period after severe injuries, weak Constitution and aged patients.
- Qi Collapse: mostly following sever blood loss. Seen in open injuries and head injuries. Note: internal injuries with bleeding (internal bleeding in liver, spleen, kidney, chest, pelvic cavity and femur or multiple fractures etc) can not be seen by the naked eye. Look for sign of internal bleedings.
Shang Xue (Blood Injuries)
- Blood Stasis: general or local. More local then general. Pain is the major symptom. Swelling is evident and the pain is like stabbing and there are fixed pressure pain points. Mostly with bruises.
- Bleedings: external bleeding and internal bleeding. See “Qi Collapse” above.
- Blood Deficiency: blood loss, spleen functional deficiency (failing to produce), blood stasis not yet removed and now blood can not be generated; Liver and Kidney Essence exhaustion after bone and sinew injuries.
- Blood Heat: Blood Stasis transforms into Heat or Liver Fire or evil Toxin invasion.
Shang Jin (Fluid Injuries)
- Fluid and Blood: loss of blood causes fluid deficiency; Blood Stasis transforms into Heat and consumes fluid.
- Fluid and Qi: Qi Collapse following fluid depletion; deficient qi fails to control fluid; Kidney Yang Deficiency causes transforming dysfunction (oedema and urination difficulties).
- Liver: blood (storing), sinew, hypochondria
- Kidney: Essence, Marrow, bone, lower back
- Spleen and Stomach: origin of Qi and blood generation, muscles and limbs, blood (commanding)
- Lung and Heart: Qi and Blood (controlling)
- Jingluo: Zang Fu injuries impacting Jingluo and Jingluo injuries impacting Zang Fu; blockages in Jingluo; Qi and Blood Stagnation in the Jingluo.
Sinews and Bone
- Shang Jin (Sinew Injuries)
Contracture and slackening, dislocation of joints, fractures, Liver, Blood
- Shang Gu (Bone Injuries)
Treatments
Internal
- Purge Blood Stasis – Tao Ren Cheng Qi Tang
- Promote Qi and Blood circulation – Xue Fu Zhu Yu Tang
- Clear Heat and cool Blood – Xi Jiao Di Huang Tang
- Harmonise Ying and stop pain – He Ying Zhi Tong Tang
- Reunite bone and sinew – Xu Gu Huo Xue Tang
- Relax the tendons and activate the collaterals – Shu Jin Huo Xue Tang
- Tonify Qi and Blood – Ba Zhen Tang
- Tonify the Spleen and Stomach – Shen Ling Bai Zhu San]]
- Tonify the Liver and Kidney – Zuo Gui Wan, You Gui Wan
- Warm and free up the Channels and Collaterals – Da Huo Luo Dan, Xiao Huo Luo Dan, Ma Gui Wen Jing Tang
External
- Applications: creams, plasters, powders, pastes
- Rubbing: lotions, creams, oils
- Steam and wash
- Heated herbs
- Manipulations: Tuina
References
Articles
Books
